VSEPR Builder
Work out the shape step by step, then rotate the molecule in 3D. Every shape is labeled AXmEn: m bonded atoms and n lone pairs on the central atom.
Choose a molecule
1 Valence electrons
Add up the valence electrons of every atom. Subtract one per positive charge, add one per negative charge.
2 Steric number
Electron groups on the central atom: bonded atoms (m) + lone pairs (n). A double or triple bond counts as one group.
3 Lone pairs (n)
How many lone pairs stay on the central atom after every outer atom has a full octet (hydrogen: 2 electrons)?
Pick m and n
Rows: m bonded atoms. Columns: n lone pairs. Steric number = m + n.
Lone pairs sit where they have the most room: equatorial first for steric number 5, opposite each other for steric number 6.
Molecular geometry
Electron geometry
Ideal bond angle